LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) is a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) protocol based on LoRa technology, designed to provide long-distance, low-power, and low-cost communication solutions for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The following is a detailed introduction to the technical architecture and protocol of LoRaWAN:
1. LoRaWAN Technology Architecture
The LoRaWAN technology architecture consists of the following main components:
1.1 End Devices
Function: Collect data and send data to the gateway through LoRa wireless communication.
Type: It can be divided into three types of devices: Class A (two-way communication, energy-saving), Class B (two-way communication, with scheduled receiving window), Class C (continuous reception, real-time application).
1.2 Gateways
Function: Receive data sent by the terminal device and forward it to the network server through an IP network (such as Ethernet or cellular network). It also forwards the downlink data of the network server to the terminal device.
Features: Usually has high receiving sensitivity and can process data from multiple LoRa channels at the same time.
1.3 Network Server
Function: Manage data transmission between the gateway and terminal devices, handle device network authentication, data deduplication, protocol analysis, etc.
Responsibilities: Ensure data security, reliability and validity.
1.4 Application Server
Function: Process application data transmitted from the network server and perform corresponding processing according to business logic.
Features: Can be end-user application, data analysis platform or control system.
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